What Are Mothballs Used For?

Are mothballs safe, and how effective are they at protecting stored clothing from moths without creating a bigger safety problem?

Mothballs are pesticide products designed to protect stored wool, furs, and other natural-fiber items from clothes moths and certain fabric pests. Most contain naphthalene or paradichlorobenzene, chemicals that slowly evaporate into a gas. In a sealed container, these vapors reach a concentration high enough to kill moth larvae and help prevent damage during storage; however, they must be used strictly according to the label because they are toxic.

Mothballs pose a significant health risk if swallowed or inhaled in unventilated spaces. Pet owners should be especially cautious, as they are toxic to dogs and can cause serious harm or even death if chewed or ingested. For safer, effective use, choose a product with an EPA registration number and follow the label directions closely, which typically call for airtight storage bins or tightly sealed garment bags.

Many misconceptions exist regarding their use. They are not effective deterrents for either mice or snakes and are dangerous if used in open rooms, attics, crawlspaces, garages, or outdoors, as they can expose people and pets to irritating fumes and contaminate soil or water.

For delicate items or commercial inventory, a professional assessment can identify safer alternatives. Strategies like temperature treatments, pheromone monitoring, and structural exclusion provide effective protection without the chemical risks associated with traditional mothballs.