Signs of a Vole Infestation
Voles are surface-dwellers that leave visible damage in shallow, grassy tunnels long before you spot the animals themselves. In the Carolinas, you will primarily encounter three species: Meadow voles are most common in the grassy regions of the Northern Piedmont and Coastal Plain, while Pine voles prefer orchards and wooded areas where they damage tree roots and bark. Southern rock voles also inhabit the region, though they are less frequent in residential landscapes.
Common signs of a vole infestation include:
Narrow, shallow runways or paths in grass: Usually 1 to 2 inches wide and connect burrow openings to feeding spots. Meadow voles make these visible runways as they travel between their burrows and food.
Small burrow openings hidden by vegetation: About the size of a golf ball and are often hidden under thick plants or mulch. Pine voles dig deeper burrows that are more difficult to find.
Chewed plant roots and damaged bulbs: Voles eat roots below the surface, which can make plants wilt or die quickly. Pine voles are especially harmful to roots in orchards and garden plantings.
Bark damage at the base of trees and shrubs: Check for gnaw marks around the base of young trees, usually within a few inches of the ground. In North Carolina apple orchards, both pine and meadow voles can seriously harm valuable trees.
Patches of dead or dying grass: Brown or yellow spots show up where voles have cut grass roots while tunneling.
If you see several of these signs on your property, especially in the Piedmont or Coastal Plain areas, voles are probably well-established, and you may need professional help.